/*
 * Copyright 2018 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package androidx.collection;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * SparseArray mapping longs to Objects.  Unlike a normal array of Objects,
 * there can be gaps in the indices.  It is intended to be more memory efficient
 * than using a HashMap to map Longs to Objects, both because it avoids
 * auto-boxing keys and its data structure doesn't rely on an extra entry object
 * for each mapping.
 *
 * <p>Note that this container keeps its mappings in an array data structure,
 * using a binary search to find keys.  The implementation is not intended to be appropriate for
 * data structures
 * that may contain large numbers of items.  It is generally slower than a traditional
 * HashMap, since lookups require a binary search and adds and removes require inserting
 * and deleting entries in the array.  For containers holding up to hundreds of items,
 * the performance difference is not significant, less than 50%.</p>
 *
 * <p>To help with performance, the container includes an optimization when removing
 * keys: instead of compacting its array immediately, it leaves the removed entry marked
 * as deleted.  The entry can then be re-used for the same key, or compacted later in
 * a single garbage collection step of all removed entries.  This garbage collection will
 * need to be performed at any time the array needs to be grown or the the map size or
 * entry values are retrieved.</p>
 *
 * <p>It is possible to iterate over the items in this container using
 * {@link #keyAt(int)} and {@link #valueAt(int)}. Iterating over the keys using
 * <code>keyAt(int)</code> with ascending values of the index will return the
 * keys in ascending order, or the values corresponding to the keys in ascending
 * order in the case of <code>valueAt(int)</code>.</p>
 */
public class LongSparseArray<E> implements Cloneable {
    private static final Object DELETED = new Object();
    private boolean mGarbage = false;

    private long[] mKeys;
    private Object[] mValues;
    private int mSize;

    /**
     * Creates a new LongSparseArray containing no mappings.
     */
    public LongSparseArray() {
        this(10);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new LongSparseArray containing no mappings that will not
     * require any additional memory allocation to store the specified
     * number of mappings.  If you supply an initial capacity of 0, the
     * sparse array will be initialized with a light-weight representation
     * not requiring any additional array allocations.
     */
    public LongSparseArray(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            mKeys = ContainerHelpers.EMPTY_LONGS;
            mValues = ContainerHelpers.EMPTY_OBJECTS;
        } else {
            initialCapacity = ContainerHelpers.idealLongArraySize(initialCapacity);
            mKeys = new long[initialCapacity];
            mValues = new Object[initialCapacity];
        }
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public LongSparseArray<E> clone() {
        LongSparseArray<E> clone;
        try {
            clone = (LongSparseArray<E>) super.clone();
            clone.mKeys = mKeys.clone();
            clone.mValues = mValues.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            throw new AssertionError(e); // Cannot happen as we implement Cloneable.
        }
        return clone;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the Object mapped from the specified key, or <code>null</code>
     * if no such mapping has been made.
     */
    @Nullable
    @SuppressWarnings("NullAway") // See inline comment.
    public E get(long key) {
        // We pass null as the default to a function which isn't explicitly annotated as nullable.
        // Not marking the function as nullable should allow us to eventually propagate the generic
        // parameter's nullability to the caller. If we were to mark it as nullable now, we would
        // also be forced to mark the return type of that method as nullable which harms the case
        // where you are passing in a non-null default value.
        return get(key, null);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the Object mapped from the specified key, or the specified Object
     * if no such mapping has been made.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E get(long key, E valueIfKeyNotFound) {
        int i = ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);

        if (i < 0 || mValues[i] == DELETED) {
            return valueIfKeyNotFound;
        } else {
            return (E) mValues[i];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated Alias for {@link #remove(long)}.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public void delete(long key) {
        remove(key);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the mapping from the specified key, if there was any.
     */
    public void remove(long key) {
        int i = ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);

        if (i >= 0) {
            if (mValues[i] != DELETED) {
                mValues[i] = DELETED;
                mGarbage = true;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Remove an existing key from the array map only if it is currently mapped to {@code value}.
     * @param key The key of the mapping to remove.
     * @param value The value expected to be mapped to the key.
     * @return Returns true if the mapping was removed.
     */
    public boolean remove(long key, Object value) {
        int index = indexOfKey(key);
        if (index >= 0) {
            E mapValue = valueAt(index);
            if (value == mapValue || (value != null && value.equals(mapValue))) {
                removeAt(index);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Removes the mapping at the specified index.
     */
    public void removeAt(int index) {
        if (mValues[index] != DELETED) {
            mValues[index] = DELETED;
            mGarbage = true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Replace the mapping for {@code key} only if it is already mapped to a value.
     * @param key The key of the mapping to replace.
     * @param value The value to store for the given key.
     * @return Returns the previous mapped value or null.
     */
    @Nullable
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E replace(long key, E value) {
        int index = indexOfKey(key);
        if (index >= 0) {
            E oldValue = (E) mValues[index];
            mValues[index] = value;
            return oldValue;
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Replace the mapping for {@code key} only if it is already mapped to a value.
     *
     * @param key The key of the mapping to replace.
     * @param oldValue The value expected to be mapped to the key.
     * @param newValue The value to store for the given key.
     * @return Returns true if the value was replaced.
     */
    public boolean replace(long key, E oldValue, E newValue) {
        int index = indexOfKey(key);
        if (index >= 0) {
            Object mapValue = mValues[index];
            if (mapValue == oldValue || (oldValue != null && oldValue.equals(mapValue))) {
                mValues[index] = newValue;
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private void gc() {
        // Log.e("SparseArray", "gc start with " + mSize);

        int n = mSize;
        int o = 0;
        long[] keys = mKeys;
        Object[] values = mValues;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            Object val = values[i];

            if (val != DELETED) {
                if (i != o) {
                    keys[o] = keys[i];
                    values[o] = val;
                    values[i] = null;
                }

                o++;
            }
        }

        mGarbage = false;
        mSize = o;

        // Log.e("SparseArray", "gc end with " + mSize);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a mapping from the specified key to the specified value,
     * replacing the previous mapping from the specified key if there
     * was one.
     */
    public void put(long key, E value) {
        int i = ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);

        if (i >= 0) {
            mValues[i] = value;
        } else {
            i = ~i;

            if (i < mSize && mValues[i] == DELETED) {
                mKeys[i] = key;
                mValues[i] = value;
                return;
            }

            if (mGarbage && mSize >= mKeys.length) {
                gc();

                // Search again because indices may have changed.
                i = ~ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);
            }

            if (mSize >= mKeys.length) {
                int n = ContainerHelpers.idealLongArraySize(mSize + 1);

                long[] nkeys = new long[n];
                Object[] nvalues = new Object[n];

                // Log.e("SparseArray", "grow " + mKeys.length + " to " + n);
                System.arraycopy(mKeys, 0, nkeys, 0, mKeys.length);
                System.arraycopy(mValues, 0, nvalues, 0, mValues.length);

                mKeys = nkeys;
                mValues = nvalues;
            }

            if (mSize - i != 0) {
                // Log.e("SparseArray", "move " + (mSize - i));
                System.arraycopy(mKeys, i, mKeys, i + 1, mSize - i);
                System.arraycopy(mValues, i, mValues, i + 1, mSize - i);
            }

            mKeys[i] = key;
            mValues[i] = value;
            mSize++;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Copies all of the mappings from the {@code other} to this map. The effect of this call is
     * equivalent to that of calling {@link #put(long, Object)} on this map once for each mapping
     * from key to value in {@code other}.
     */
    public void putAll(@NonNull LongSparseArray<? extends E> other) {
        for (int i = 0, size = other.size(); i < size; i++) {
            put(other.keyAt(i), other.valueAt(i));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Add a new value to the array map only if the key does not already have a value or it is
     * mapped to {@code null}.
     * @param key The key under which to store the value.
     * @param value The value to store for the given key.
     * @return Returns the value that was stored for the given key, or null if there
     * was no such key.
     */
    @Nullable
    public E putIfAbsent(long key, E value) {
        E mapValue = get(key);
        if (mapValue == null) {
            put(key, value);
        }
        return mapValue;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of key-value mappings that this LongSparseArray
     * currently stores.
     */
    public int size() {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return mSize;
    }

    /**
     * Return true if size() is 0.
     * @return true if size() is 0.
     */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size() == 0;
    }

    /**
     * Given an index in the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, returns
     * the key from the <code>index</code>th key-value mapping that this
     * LongSparseArray stores.
     *
     * <p>The keys corresponding to indices in ascending order are guaranteed to
     * be in ascending order, e.g., <code>keyAt(0)</code> will return the
     * smallest key and <code>keyAt(size()-1)</code> will return the largest
     * key.</p>
     */
    public long keyAt(int index) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return mKeys[index];
    }

    /**
     * Given an index in the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, returns
     * the value from the <code>index</code>th key-value mapping that this
     * LongSparseArray stores.
     *
     * <p>The values corresponding to indices in ascending order are guaranteed
     * to be associated with keys in ascending order, e.g.,
     * <code>valueAt(0)</code> will return the value associated with the
     * smallest key and <code>valueAt(size()-1)</code> will return the value
     * associated with the largest key.</p>
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E valueAt(int index) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return (E) mValues[index];
    }

    /**
     * Given an index in the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, sets a new
     * value for the <code>index</code>th key-value mapping that this
     * LongSparseArray stores.
     */
    public void setValueAt(int index, E value) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        mValues[index] = value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index for which {@link #keyAt} would return the
     * specified key, or a negative number if the specified
     * key is not mapped.
     */
    public int indexOfKey(long key) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an index for which {@link #valueAt} would return the
     * specified key, or a negative number if no keys map to the
     * specified value.
     * Beware that this is a linear search, unlike lookups by key,
     * and that multiple keys can map to the same value and this will
     * find only one of them.
     */
    public int indexOfValue(E value) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < mSize; i++)
            if (mValues[i] == value)
                return i;

        return -1;
    }

    /** Returns true if the specified key is mapped. */
    public boolean containsKey(long key) {
        return indexOfKey(key) >= 0;
    }

    /** Returns true if the specified value is mapped from any key. */
    public boolean containsValue(E value) {
        return indexOfValue(value) >= 0;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all key-value mappings from this LongSparseArray.
     */
    public void clear() {
        int n = mSize;
        Object[] values = mValues;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            values[i] = null;
        }

        mSize = 0;
        mGarbage = false;
    }

    /**
     * Puts a key/value pair into the array, optimizing for the case where
     * the key is greater than all existing keys in the array.
     */
    public void append(long key, E value) {
        if (mSize != 0 && key <= mKeys[mSize - 1]) {
            put(key, value);
            return;
        }

        if (mGarbage && mSize >= mKeys.length) {
            gc();
        }

        int pos = mSize;
        if (pos >= mKeys.length) {
            int n = ContainerHelpers.idealLongArraySize(pos + 1);

            long[] nkeys = new long[n];
            Object[] nvalues = new Object[n];

            // Log.e("SparseArray", "grow " + mKeys.length + " to " + n);
            System.arraycopy(mKeys, 0, nkeys, 0, mKeys.length);
            System.arraycopy(mValues, 0, nvalues, 0, mValues.length);

            mKeys = nkeys;
            mValues = nvalues;
        }

        mKeys[pos] = key;
        mValues[pos] = value;
        mSize = pos + 1;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * <p>This implementation composes a string by iterating over its mappings. If
     * this map contains itself as a value, the string "(this Map)"
     * will appear in its place.
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        if (size() <= 0) {
            return "{}";
        }

        StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(mSize * 28);
        buffer.append('{');
        for (int i=0; i<mSize; i++) {
            if (i > 0) {
                buffer.append(", ");
            }
            long key = keyAt(i);
            buffer.append(key);
            buffer.append('=');
            Object value = valueAt(i);
            if (value != this) {
                buffer.append(value);
            } else {
                buffer.append("(this Map)");
            }
        }
        buffer.append('}');
        return buffer.toString();
    }
}