/*
 * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package androidx.databinding;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * A utility for storing and notifying callbacks. This class supports reentrant modification
 * of the callbacks during notification without adversely disrupting notifications.
 * A common pattern for callbacks is to receive a notification and then remove
 * themselves. This class handles this behavior with constant memory under
 * most circumstances.
 *
 * <p>A subclass of {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback} must be passed to
 * the constructor to define how notifications should be called. That implementation
 * does the actual notification on the listener. It is typically a static instance
 * that can be reused for all similar CallbackRegistries.</p>
 *
 * <p>This class supports only callbacks with at most three parameters.
 * Typically, these are the notification originator and a parameter, with another to
 * indicate which method to call, but these may be used as required. If more than
 * three parameters are required or primitive types other than the single int provided
 * must be used, <code>A</code> should be some kind of containing structure that
 * the subclass may reuse between notifications.</p>
 *
 * @param <C> The callback type.
 * @param <T> The notification sender type. Typically this is the containing class.
 * @param <A> Opaque argument used to pass additional data beyond an int.
 */
public class CallbackRegistry<C, T, A> implements Cloneable {
    private static final String TAG = "CallbackRegistry";

    /** An ordered collection of listeners waiting to be notified. */
    private List<C> mCallbacks = new ArrayList<C>();

    /**
     * A bit flag for the first 64 listeners that are removed during notification.
     * The lowest significant bit corresponds to the 0th index into mCallbacks.
     * For a small number of callbacks, no additional array of objects needs to
     * be allocated.
     */
    private long mFirst64Removed = 0x0;

    /**
     * Bit flags for the remaining callbacks that are removed during notification.
     * When there are more than 64 callbacks and one is marked for removal, a dynamic
     * array of bits are allocated for the callbacks.
     */
    private long[] mRemainderRemoved;

    /** The recursion level of the notification */
    private int mNotificationLevel;

    /** The notification mechanism for notifying an event. */
    private final NotifierCallback<C, T, A> mNotifier;

    /**
     * Creates an EventRegistry that notifies the event with notifier.
     * @param notifier The class to use to notify events.
     */
    public CallbackRegistry(NotifierCallback<C, T, A> notifier) {
        mNotifier = notifier;
    }

    /**
     * Notify all callbacks.
     *
     * @param sender The originator. This is an opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param arg An opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param arg2 An opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     */
    public synchronized void notifyCallbacks(T sender, int arg, A arg2) {
        mNotificationLevel++;
        notifyRecurse(sender, arg, arg2);
        mNotificationLevel--;
        if (mNotificationLevel == 0) {
            if (mRemainderRemoved != null) {
                for (int i = mRemainderRemoved.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                    final long removedBits = mRemainderRemoved[i];
                    if (removedBits != 0) {
                        removeRemovedCallbacks((i + 1) * Long.SIZE, removedBits);
                        mRemainderRemoved[i] = 0;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (mFirst64Removed != 0) {
                removeRemovedCallbacks(0, mFirst64Removed);
                mFirst64Removed = 0;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Notify up to the first Long.SIZE callbacks that don't have a bit set in <code>removed</code>.
     *
     * @param sender The originator. This is an opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param arg An opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param arg2 An opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     */
    private void notifyFirst64(T sender, int arg, A arg2) {
        final int maxNotified = Math.min(Long.SIZE, mCallbacks.size());
        notifyCallbacks(sender, arg, arg2, 0, maxNotified, mFirst64Removed);
    }

    /**
     * Notify all callbacks using a recursive algorithm to avoid allocating on the heap.
     * This part captures the callbacks beyond Long.SIZE that have no bits allocated for
     * removal before it recurses into {@link #notifyRemainder(Object, int, A, int)}.
     *
     * <p>Recursion is used to avoid allocating temporary state on the heap.</p>
     *
     * @param sender The originator. This is an opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param arg An opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param arg2 An opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     */
    private void notifyRecurse(T sender, int arg, A arg2) {
        final int callbackCount = mCallbacks.size();
        final int remainderIndex = mRemainderRemoved == null ? -1 : mRemainderRemoved.length - 1;

        // Now we've got all callbakcs that have no mRemainderRemoved value, so notify the
        // others.
        notifyRemainder(sender, arg, arg2, remainderIndex);

        // notifyRemainder notifies all at maxIndex, so we'd normally start at maxIndex + 1
        // However, we must also keep track of those in mFirst64Removed, so we add 2 instead:
        final int startCallbackIndex = (remainderIndex + 2) * Long.SIZE;

        // The remaining have no bit set
        notifyCallbacks(sender, arg, arg2, startCallbackIndex, callbackCount, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Notify callbacks that have mRemainderRemoved bits set for remainderIndex. If
     * remainderIndex is -1, the first 64 will be notified instead.
     *
     * @param sender The originator. This is an opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param arg An opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param arg2 An opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param remainderIndex The index into mRemainderRemoved that should be notified.
     */
    private void notifyRemainder(T sender, int arg, A arg2, int remainderIndex) {
        if (remainderIndex < 0) {
            notifyFirst64(sender, arg, arg2);
        } else {
            final long bits = mRemainderRemoved[remainderIndex];
            final int startIndex = (remainderIndex + 1) * Long.SIZE;
            final int endIndex = Math.min(mCallbacks.size(), startIndex + Long.SIZE);
            notifyRemainder(sender, arg, arg2, remainderIndex - 1);
            notifyCallbacks(sender, arg, arg2, startIndex, endIndex, bits);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Notify callbacks from startIndex to endIndex, using bits as the bit status
     * for whether they have been removed or not. bits should be from mRemainderRemoved or
     * mFirst64Removed. bits set to 0 indicates that all callbacks from startIndex to
     * endIndex should be notified.
     *
     * @param sender The originator. This is an opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param arg An opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param arg2 An opaque parameter passed to
     * {@link CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback#onNotifyCallback(Object, Object, int, Object)}
     * @param startIndex The index into the mCallbacks to start notifying.
     * @param endIndex One past the last index into mCallbacks to notify.
     * @param bits A bit field indicating which callbacks have been removed and shouldn't
     *             be notified.
     */
    private void notifyCallbacks(T sender, int arg, A arg2, final int startIndex,
            final int endIndex, final long bits) {
        long bitMask = 1;
        for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
            if ((bits & bitMask) == 0) {
                mNotifier.onNotifyCallback(mCallbacks.get(i), sender, arg, arg2);
            }
            bitMask <<= 1;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Add a callback to be notified. If the callback is already in the list, another won't
     * be added. This does not affect current notifications.
     * @param callback The callback to add.
     */
    public synchronized void add(C callback) {
        if (callback == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback cannot be null");
        }
        int index = mCallbacks.lastIndexOf(callback);
        if (index < 0 || isRemoved(index)) {
            mCallbacks.add(callback);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the callback at index has been marked for removal.
     *
     * @param index The index into mCallbacks to check.
     * @return true if the callback at index has been marked for removal.
     */
    private boolean isRemoved(int index) {
        if (index < Long.SIZE) {
            // It is in the first 64 callbacks, just check the bit.
            final long bitMask = 1L << index;
            return (mFirst64Removed & bitMask) != 0;
        } else if (mRemainderRemoved == null) {
            // It is after the first 64 callbacks, but nothing else was marked for removal.
            return false;
        } else {
            final int maskIndex = (index / Long.SIZE) - 1;
            if (maskIndex >= mRemainderRemoved.length) {
                // There are some items in mRemainderRemoved, but nothing at the given index.
                return false;
            } else {
                // There is something marked for removal, so we have to check the bit.
                final long bits = mRemainderRemoved[maskIndex];
                final long bitMask = 1L << (index % Long.SIZE);
                return (bits & bitMask) != 0;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes callbacks from startIndex to startIndex + Long.SIZE, based
     * on the bits set in removed.
     *
     * @param startIndex The index into the mCallbacks to start removing callbacks.
     * @param removed The bits indicating removal, where each bit is set for one callback
     *                to be removed.
     */
    private void removeRemovedCallbacks(int startIndex, long removed) {
        // The naive approach should be fine. There may be a better bit-twiddling approach.
        final int endIndex = startIndex + Long.SIZE;

        long bitMask = 1L << (Long.SIZE - 1);
        for (int i = endIndex - 1; i >= startIndex; i--) {
            if ((removed & bitMask) != 0) {
                mCallbacks.remove(i);
            }
            bitMask >>>= 1;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Remove a callback. This callback won't be notified after this call completes.
     *
     * @param callback The callback to remove.
     */
    public synchronized void remove(C callback) {
        if (mNotificationLevel == 0) {
            mCallbacks.remove(callback);
        } else {
            int index = mCallbacks.lastIndexOf(callback);
            if (index >= 0) {
                setRemovalBit(index);
            }
        }
    }

    private void setRemovalBit(int index) {
        if (index < Long.SIZE) {
            // It is in the first 64 callbacks, just check the bit.
            final long bitMask = 1L << index;
            mFirst64Removed |= bitMask;
        } else {
            final int remainderIndex = (index / Long.SIZE) - 1;
            if (mRemainderRemoved == null) {
                mRemainderRemoved = new long[mCallbacks.size() / Long.SIZE];
            } else if (mRemainderRemoved.length <= remainderIndex) {
                // need to make it bigger
                long[] newRemainders = new long[mCallbacks.size() / Long.SIZE];
                System.arraycopy(mRemainderRemoved, 0, newRemainders, 0, mRemainderRemoved.length);
                mRemainderRemoved = newRemainders;
            }
            final long bitMask = 1L << (index % Long.SIZE);
            mRemainderRemoved[remainderIndex] |= bitMask;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Makes a copy of the registered callbacks and returns it.
     *
     * @return a copy of the registered callbacks.
     */
    public synchronized ArrayList<C> copyCallbacks() {
        ArrayList<C> callbacks = new ArrayList<C>(mCallbacks.size());
        int numListeners = mCallbacks.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; i++) {
            if (!isRemoved(i)) {
                callbacks.add(mCallbacks.get(i));
            }
        }
        return callbacks;
    }

    /**
     * Modifies <code>callbacks</code> to contain all callbacks in the CallbackRegistry.
     *
     * @param callbacks modified to contain all callbacks registered to receive events.
     */
    public synchronized void copyCallbacks(List<C> callbacks) {
        callbacks.clear();
        int numListeners = mCallbacks.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; i++) {
            if (!isRemoved(i)) {
                callbacks.add(mCallbacks.get(i));
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if there are no registered callbacks or false otherwise.
     *
     * @return true if there are no registered callbacks or false otherwise.
     */
    public synchronized boolean isEmpty() {
        if (mCallbacks.isEmpty()) {
            return true;
        } else if (mNotificationLevel == 0) {
            return false;
        } else {
            int numListeners = mCallbacks.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; i++) {
                if (!isRemoved(i)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes all callbacks from the list.
     */
    public synchronized void clear() {
        if (mNotificationLevel == 0) {
            mCallbacks.clear();
        } else if (!mCallbacks.isEmpty()) {
            for (int i = mCallbacks.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                setRemovalBit(i);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return A copy of the CallbackRegistry with all callbacks listening to both instances.
     */
    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public synchronized CallbackRegistry<C, T, A> clone() {
        CallbackRegistry<C, T, A> clone = null;
        try {
            clone = (CallbackRegistry<C, T, A>) super.clone();
            clone.mFirst64Removed = 0;
            clone.mRemainderRemoved = null;
            clone.mNotificationLevel = 0;
            clone.mCallbacks = new ArrayList<C>();
            final int numListeners = mCallbacks.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; i++) {
                if (!isRemoved(i)) {
                    clone.mCallbacks.add(mCallbacks.get(i));
                }
            }
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return clone;
    }

    /**
     * Class used to notify events from CallbackRegistry.
     *
     * @param <C> The callback type.
     * @param <T> The notification sender type. Typically this is the containing class.
     * @param <A> An opaque argument to pass to the notifier
     */
    public abstract static class NotifierCallback<C, T, A> {
        /**
         * Called by CallbackRegistry during
         * {@link CallbackRegistry#notifyCallbacks(Object, int, Object)}} to notify the callback.
         *
         * @param callback The callback to notify.
         * @param sender The opaque sender object.
         * @param arg The opaque notification parameter.
         * @param arg2 An opaque argument passed in
         *        {@link CallbackRegistry#notifyCallbacks}
         * @see CallbackRegistry#CallbackRegistry(CallbackRegistry.NotifierCallback)
         */
        public abstract void onNotifyCallback(C callback, T sender, int arg, A arg2);
    }
}