/*
 * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package androidx.test.rule;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
import androidx.test.internal.util.Checks;
import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
import org.junit.runner.Description;
import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;

/**
 * A JUnit rule that provides a simplified mechanism to start and shutdown your service before and
 * after the duration of your test. It also guarantees that the service is successfully connected
 * when starting (or binding to) a service. The service can be started (or bound) using one of the
 * helper methods. It will automatically be stopped (or unbound) after the test completes and any
 * methods annotated with <a href="http://junit.sourceforge.net/javadoc/org/junit/After.html"><code>
 * After</code></a> are finished.
 *
 * <p>Note: This rule doesn't support {@link android.app.IntentService} because it's automatically
 * destroyed when {@link android.app.IntentService#onHandleIntent(android.content.Intent)} finishes
 * all outstanding commands. So there is no guarantee to establish a successful connection in a
 * timely manner.
 *
 * <p>Usage:
 *
 * <pre>
 * &#064;Rule
 * public final ServiceTestRule mServiceRule = new ServiceTestRule();
 *
 * &#064;Test
 * public void testWithStartedService() {
 *     mServiceRule.startService(
 *         new Intent(InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(), MyService.class));
 *     //do something
 * }
 *
 * &#064;Test
 * public void testWithBoundService() {
 *     IBinder binder = mServiceRule.bindService(
 *         new Intent(InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(), MyService.class));
 *     MyService service = ((MyService.LocalBinder) binder).getService();
 *     assertTrue("True wasn't returned", service.doSomethingToReturnTrue());
 * }
 * </pre>
 */
public class ServiceTestRule implements TestRule {

  private static final String TAG = "ServiceTestRule";
  private static final long DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 5L; // seconds

  private IBinder binder;
  private Intent serviceIntent;
  private ServiceConnection serviceConn;
  private final long timeout;
  private final TimeUnit timeUnit;

  boolean serviceStarted = false;
  boolean serviceBound = false;

  /** Creates a {@link ServiceTestRule} with a default timeout of 5 seconds */
  public ServiceTestRule() {
    this(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
  }

  protected ServiceTestRule(long timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) {
    this.timeout = timeout;
    this.timeUnit = timeUnit;
  }

  /**
   * Factory method to create a {@link ServiceTestRule} with a custom timeout
   *
   * @param timeout the amount of time to wait for a service to connect.
   * @param timeUnit the time unit representing how the timeout parameter should be interpreted
   * @return a {@link ServiceTestRule} with the desired timeout
   */
  public static ServiceTestRule withTimeout(long timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) {
    return new ServiceTestRule(timeout, timeUnit);
  }

  /**
   * Starts the service under test and blocks until the service is connected, in the same way as if
   * it were started by {@link android.content.Context#startService(Intent)
   * Context.startService(Intent)} with an {@link android.content.Intent} that identifies a service.
   * If you use this method to start the service, it is automatically stopped at the end of the test
   * run. However, it also attempts to bind to the service and waits for {@link
   * ServiceConnection#onServiceConnected(android.content.ComponentName, android.os.IBinder)} to be
   * called to ensure successful connection.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> This method only supports services that allow clients to bind to them. In other
   * words, if your service {@link android.app.Service#onBind(Intent)} method returns {@code null}
   * then a {@link TimeoutException} will be thrown.
   *
   * @param intent An Intent that identifies a service, of the same form as the Intent passed to
   *     {@link android.content.Context#startService(Intent) Context.startService (Intent)}.
   * @throws SecurityException if you do not have permission to bind to the given service.
   * @throws TimeoutException if timed out waiting for a successful connection with the service.
   */
  public void startService(@NonNull Intent intent) throws TimeoutException {
    serviceIntent = Checks.checkNotNull(intent, "intent can't be null");
    InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().startService(serviceIntent);
    serviceStarted = true;

    // bind to the started service to guarantee its started and connected before test execution
    serviceBound = bindServiceAndWait(serviceIntent, null, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
  }

  /**
   * Works just like {@link #bindService(android.content.Intent, android.content.ServiceConnection,
   * int)} except uses an internal {@link android.content.ServiceConnection} to guarantee successful
   * bound. The operation option flag defaults to {@link android.content.Context#BIND_AUTO_CREATE}
   *
   * @see #bindService(android.content.Intent, android.content.ServiceConnection, int)
   */
  public IBinder bindService(@NonNull Intent intent) throws TimeoutException {
    // no extras are expected by unbind
    serviceIntent = Checks.checkNotNull(intent, "intent can't be null").cloneFilter();
    serviceBound = bindServiceAndWait(intent, null, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    return binder;
  }

  /**
   * Binds the service under test, in the same way as if it were started by {@link
   * android.content.Context#bindService(Intent, ServiceConnection, int) Context.bindService(Intent,
   * ServiceConnection, flags)} with an {@link android.content.Intent} that identifies a service.
   * However, it waits for {@link
   * ServiceConnection#onServiceConnected(android.content.ComponentName, android.os.IBinder)} to be
   * called before returning.
   *
   * @param intent Identifies the service to connect to. The Intent may specify either an explicit
   *     component name, or a logical description (action, category, etc) to match an {@link
   *     android.content.IntentFilter} published by a service.
   * @param connection Receives information as the service is started and stopped. This must be a
   *     valid ServiceConnection object; it must not be null.
   * @param flags Operation options for the binding. May be 0, {@link
   *     android.content.Context#BIND_AUTO_CREATE}, {@link
   *     android.content.Context#BIND_DEBUG_UNBIND}, {@link
   *     android.content.Context#BIND_NOT_FOREGROUND}, {@link
   *     android.content.Context#BIND_ABOVE_CLIENT}, {@link
   *     android.content.Context#BIND_ALLOW_OOM_MANAGEMENT}, or {@link
   *     android.content.Context#BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY}.
   * @return An object whose type is a subclass of IBinder, for making further calls into the
   *     service.
   * @throws SecurityException if the called doesn't have permission to bind to the given service.
   * @throws TimeoutException if timed out waiting for a successful connection with the service.
   * @see android.content.Context#BIND_AUTO_CREATE
   * @see android.content.Context#BIND_DEBUG_UNBIND
   * @see android.content.Context#BIND_NOT_FOREGROUND
   */
  public IBinder bindService(
      @NonNull Intent intent, @NonNull ServiceConnection connection, int flags)
      throws TimeoutException {
    // no extras are expected by unbind
    serviceIntent = Checks.checkNotNull(intent, "intent can't be null").cloneFilter();
    ServiceConnection c = Checks.checkNotNull(connection, "connection can't be null");
    serviceBound = bindServiceAndWait(serviceIntent, c, flags);

    return binder;
  }

  @VisibleForTesting
  boolean bindServiceAndWait(Intent intent, final ServiceConnection conn, int flags)
      throws TimeoutException {

    ProxyServiceConnection serviceConn = new ProxyServiceConnection(conn);

    boolean isBound =
        InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation()
            .getTargetContext()
            .bindService(intent, serviceConn, flags);

    if (isBound) {
      // block until service connection is established
      waitOnLatch(serviceConn.connectedLatch, "connected");
      this.serviceConn = serviceConn;
    } else {
      Log.e(TAG, "Failed to bind to service! Is your service declared in the manifest?");
    }

    return isBound;
  }

  /**
   * Unbinds the service under test that was previously bound by a call to {@link
   * #bindService(android.content.Intent)} or {@link #bindService(android.content.Intent,
   * android.content.ServiceConnection, int)}. You normally do not need to call this method since
   * your service will automatically be stopped and unbound at the end of each test method.
   */
  public void unbindService() {
    if (serviceBound) {
      InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().unbindService(serviceConn);
      binder = null;
      serviceBound = false;
    }
  }

  /**
   * This class is used to wait until a successful connection to the service was established. It
   * then serves as a proxy to original {@link android.content.ServiceConnection} passed by the
   * caller.
   */
  class ProxyServiceConnection implements ServiceConnection {
    private ServiceConnection callerConnection;
    public CountDownLatch connectedLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);

    private ProxyServiceConnection(ServiceConnection connection) {
      callerConnection = connection;
    }

    @Override
    public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
      // store the service binder to return to the caller
      binder = service;
      if (callerConnection != null) {
        // pass through everything to the callers ServiceConnection
        callerConnection.onServiceConnected(name, service);
      }
      connectedLatch.countDown();
    }

    @Override
    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
      // The process hosting the service has crashed or been killed.
      Log.e(TAG, "Connection to the Service has been lost!");
      binder = null;
      if (callerConnection != null) {
        // pass through everything to the callers ServiceConnection
        callerConnection.onServiceDisconnected(name);
      }
    }
  }

  /** Helper method to block on a given latch for the duration of the set timeout */
  private void waitOnLatch(CountDownLatch latch, String actionName) throws TimeoutException {
    try {
      if (!latch.await(timeout, timeUnit)) {
        throw new TimeoutException(
            "Waited for "
                + timeout
                + " "
                + timeUnit.name()
                + ","
                + " but service was never "
                + actionName);
      }
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
      throw new RuntimeException("Interrupted while waiting for service to be " + actionName, e);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Makes the necessary calls to stop (or unbind) the service under test. This method is called
   * automatically called after test execution. This is not a blocking call since there is no
   * reliable way to guarantee successful disconnect without access to service lifecycle.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting
  void shutdownService() throws TimeoutException {
    if (serviceStarted) {
      InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().stopService(serviceIntent);
      serviceStarted = false;
    }
    unbindService();
  }

  /**
   * Override this method to do your own service specific initialization before starting or binding
   * to the service. The method is called before each test method is executed including any method
   * annotated with <a href="http://junit.sourceforge.net/javadoc/org/junit/Before.html"><code>
   * Before</code></a>. Do not start or bind to a service from here!
   */
  protected void beforeService() {
    // empty by default
  }

  /**
   * Override this method to do your own service specific clean up after the service is shutdown.
   * The method is called after each test method is executed including any method annotated with <a
   * href="http://junit.sourceforge.net/javadoc/org/junit/After.html"><code>After</code></a> and
   * after necessary calls to stop (or unbind) the service under test were called.
   */
  protected void afterService() {
    // empty by default
  }

  @Override
  public Statement apply(final Statement base, Description description) {
    return new ServiceStatement(base);
  }

  /**
   * {@link Statement} that executes the service lifecycle methods before and after the execution of
   * the test.
   */
  private class ServiceStatement extends Statement {
    private final Statement base;

    public ServiceStatement(Statement base) {
      this.base = base;
    }

    @Override
    public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
      try {
        beforeService();
        base.evaluate();
      } finally {
        shutdownService();
        afterService();
      }
    }
  }
}